Examining the Root Causes of Somali Conflict: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Dynamics
Keywords:
Somali conflict, Root causes, Historical perspectives, Contemporary dynamic, colonial legacyAbstract
The Somali conflict, which has lasted for decades in the Horn of Africa, is the result of an interplay of historical, political, and socioeconomic factors. The primary objective of this research is to examine the historical perspective as well as contemporary dynamics that have shaped and perpetuated the Somali conflict. By analyzing the historical context, the study aims to identify the underlying factors that have contributed to the conflict's longevity and complexity this study employs secondary data to explore the root causes of this conflict and its enduring nature. The colonial legacy left by arbitrary borders, disruptive social structures, and regional rivalries set the stage for Somalia's turmoil. The fall of central authority in 1991 resulted in factionalism, power disputes, and the growth of armed groups such as Al-Shabaab. This conflict led to displacement, loss of life, and regional instability. Using Social Identity Theory and the Structural Violence framework, this study dives into historical perspective and contemporary dynamics shaping the conflict. Pre-colonial arrangements were influenced by interactions with Arab traders, but colonial Clan rivalries became worse after independence, and the Ogaden War in 1977 further destabilized the region. The study concludes that the Somali conflict is caused by a combination of historical injustices, political maneuvering, and scarce resources, resulting in a cycle of violence and instability. To achieve lasting peace, a comprehensive approach is needed that addresses the root causes, including historical traumas, genuine reconciliation and institutional inequalities, and empowering Somali communities. Successful policies for promoting peace, stability, and prosperity require a deep understanding of the conflict. Only by addressing the underlying causes of violence can the cycle be ended and a brighter future for Somalia and its people be achieved.
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